Atomic force microscopy applications in macromolecular crystallography.

Cryo-electron Microscopy Analysis of Structurally Heterogeneous Macromolecular Complexes

Cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) has for a long time been a technique of choice for determining structure of large and flexible macromolecular complexes that were difficult to study by other experimental techniques such as X-ray crystallography or nuclear magnetic resonance. However, a fast development of instruments and software for cryo-EM in the last decade has allowed that a large range o...

UROX 2.0: an interactive tool for fitting atomic models into electron-microscopy reconstructions

Electron microscopy of a macromolecular structure can lead to three-dimensional reconstructions with resolutions that are typically in the 30-10 A range and sometimes even beyond 10 A. Fitting atomic models of the individual components of the macromolecular structure (e.g. those obtained by X-ray crystallography or nuclear magnetic resonance) into an electron-microscopy map allows the interpret...

Direct Visualization and Measurement of Nanoscale Macromolecular Interactions Between the Cartilage Proteoglycan Aggrecan and Related Constituents via Atomic Force Microscopy

A force field for virtual atom molecular mechanics of proteins.

Activities of many biological macromolecules involve large conformational transitions for which crystallography can specify atomic details of alternative end states, but the course of transitions is often beyond the reach of computations based on full-atomic potential functions. We have developed a coarse-grained force field for molecular mechanics calculations based on the virtual interactions...

Synchrotron radiation applications to macromolecular crystallography.

Progress has been rapid in the development and application of four different types of macromolecular crystallographic experiment at synchrotron hard X-ray sources: multiwavelength anomalous diffraction; studies of crystals with very large unit cell dimensions; structure determination at atomic or near-atomic resolution; and time-resolved studies. The results illustrate the interplay between the...